Lubricating oil supply

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Non volatile oil like lubricant. According to their sources, they are divided into three categories: animal and vegetable oils, petroleum lubricants, and synthetic lubricants. The usage of petroleum lubricants accounts for over 97% of the total usage, so lubricants often refer to petroleum lubricants. Mainly used to reduce friction between the surfaces of moving parts, while also cooling, sealing, anti-corrosion, rust prevention, insulation, power transmission, cleaning impurities and other functions for machine equipment. Mainly from the lubricating oil fraction and residual oil fraction of crude oil distillation units as raw materials, qualified lubricating oil base oil is obtained by using processes such as solvent deasphalting, solvent dewaxing, solvent refining, hydrofining or acid-base refining, clay refining, etc. to remove or reduce substances that form free carbon, substances with low viscosity index, substances with poor oxidation stability, paraffin, and chemical substances that affect the color of finished oil, After blending and adding additives, it becomes a lubricating oil product. The main properties of lubricating oil are viscosity, oxidation stability, and lubricity, which are closely related to the composition of lubricating oil fractions. Viscosity is an important quality indicator that reflects the fluidity of lubricating oil. Different usage conditions have different viscosity requirements. Heavy duty and low speed machinery should use high viscosity lubricating oil. Oxidation stability refers to the antioxidant ability of an oil product in the environment of use due to temperature, oxygen in the air, and metal catalysis. After the oxidation of oil products, fine asphaltene based carbon like substances, such as viscous paint like substances or paint films, or viscous water containing substances, are generated according to the usage conditions, thereby reducing or losing their performance. Lubricity represents the anti wear performance of lubricating oil.

1、 Lubricating oil effect

Lubricating oil is a liquid lubricant used on various types of machinery to reduce friction and protect machinery and machined parts. It mainly plays a role in lubrication, cooling, rust prevention, cleaning, sealing, and buffering. Lubricating oil accounts for 85% of all lubricating materials, with a wide variety of brands. Currently, the world's annual consumption is about 38 million tons. The overall requirements for lubricating oil are:

(1) Reducing friction and wear, reducing friction resistance to save energy, reducing wear to extend mechanical life, and improving economic benefits;

(2) Cooling requires the friction heat to be discharged from the machine at any time;

(3) Sealing is required to prevent leakage, dust, and gas leakage;

(4) Corrosion and rust resistance, requiring protection of the friction surface from oil deterioration or external erosion;

(5) Clean and rinse, requiring the removal of dirt on the friction area;

(6) Stress dispersion and buffering, load dispersion and shock mitigation;

(7) Kinetic energy transmission, hydraulic system, remote control motor, and friction continuously variable speed.

2、 Composition of lubricating oil

Lubricating oil generally consists of two parts: base oil and additives. Base oil is the main component of lubricating oil and determines its basic properties. Additives can compensate for and improve the performance of base oil, endowing it with certain new properties, and are an important component of lubricating oil.

1. Lubricating oil base oil

Lubricant base oils are mainly divided into two categories: mineral base oils and synthetic base oils. Mineral base oils are widely used and require a large amount (over 95%), but some applications require the use of products formulated with synthetic base oils, which has led to the rapid development of synthetic base oils.

Mineral oil base oil is refined from crude oil. The main production processes of lubricating oil base oil include atmospheric and vacuum distillation, solvent deasphalting, solvent refining, solvent dewaxing, and clay or hydrogenated bench pants supplementary refining. In 1995, the current lubricating oil base oil standard in China was revised, mainly modifying the classification method and adding two special base oil standards for low pour point and deep refining. The most important thing in the production of mineral based lubricants is to choose relatively good crude oil.

The chemical composition of mineral base oil includes high boiling point, high molecular weight hydrocarbons, and non hydrocarbon mixtures. Its composition is generally composed of alkanes (straight chain, branched chain, multi branched chain), cycloalkanes (single ring, double ring, multi ring), aromatic hydrocarbons (single ring aromatic hydrocarbons, polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons), cycloalkane aromatic hydrocarbons, as well as non hydrocarbon compounds such as oxygen, nitrogen, sulfur containing organic compounds and resins, asphaltenes, etc.

2. Additives

Additives are the essence of modern advanced lubricating oils. Proper selection and addition can improve their physical and chemical properties, endow lubricating oils with new special properties, or enhance their original properties to meet higher requirements. The key to ensuring the quality of lubricating oil is to carefully select, balance, and mix additives according to the required quality and performance of lubricating oil. Common additives include: viscosity index improver, pour point reducer, antioxidant, detergent dispersant, friction moderator, oiliness agent, extreme pressure agent, anti foam agent, metal passivator, emulsifier, anti-corrosion agent, rust inhibitor, demulsifier